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Asia-Pacific Marine Finfish Aquaculture e-News No. 39 (10/08/2007)
Asia-Pacific Marine Finfish Aquaculture e-News No. 39 (10/08/2007) |
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Dear Asia-Pacific Marine Finfish Aquaculture Network list,
The purpose of this e-News is to facilitate information dissemination on marine fish aquaculture research and development, complementing the quarterly marine finfish eMagazine. We welcome your contributions on research and development, news items, market developments, upcoming events and others - please send to Asia-Pacific Marine Finfish Aquaculture Network (APMFAN) ============================================== 1. 5th Regional Grouper Hatchery Production Training Course – the training course was run from 9 to 29 July 2007 with a total of 17 participants from eight countries attended the training course. They come from Australia, China (Southern China and Hong Kong), Palau, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. The training course was another success with all participants being pleased with the overall training activities and field trips. A full report of the training course will be provided on the APMFAN web site (www.enaca.org/marinefish) within one month. For those who have missed out of the 2007 training course, the 6th training course is currently being developed and is planned for May 2008. If you are interested and want to be in the mailing list for the 2008 training course, send your request to grouper@enaca.org. 2. Good progress in grouper breeding in Lampung – Behind the peaceful exterior of the Indonesian Directorate General of aquaculture National Seafarming Development Centre at Lampung (Balai Budidaya Laut BBL), lie some exciting new developments in grouper breeding that could change the shape of Indonesian grouper farming. During 2007, the station has successfully bred the giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) and now has a few thousand of young three-inch fish that were successfully hatched during April/May this year. The centre has been building up the stocks of giant grouper broodstock for several years, and now holds an estimated 80 broodstock of giant grouper, with around 40 now ready for breeding. The species is interesting in many ways; it grows to a huge size, with adults recorded up to 200 kg. BBL Lampung staff have found that E. lanceolatus males are often smaller than the females which is unusual for grouper species. The fish is also fast growing, with trials of wild caught fish reaching 2 kg in less than a year. The success in 2007 clearly sets the scene for further interesting development of the species over the coming years. The centre has also been active with other mariculture species, and routinely breeds tiger grouper, seabass, seacucumber, seahorses and clown fish and has successfully bred Plectropomus leopardus and P. maculates, two high value coral trout species. Lampung also hosts a number of private hatcheries, which are also large showing increased success in grouper breeding, including one in Tarahan district that has successfully bred large number of “ikan soshi” or Dermatolepis inermis. 3. NACA Governing Council welcomes new Regional Resource Centres to marine finfish network – The NACA Governing Council met in Bali, Indonesia, 2-5 May 2007. The delegates from 17 member governments across the Asia-Pacific region reviewed the progress in the Asia-Pacific Marine Finfish Aquaculture Network, and approved the formal nomination of three new Indonesian Regional Resource Centres for the network. The new centres in Indonesia bring wide ranging skills into marine fish aquaculture into the network, and will help support the expanding cooperation with Indonesia in marine fish aquaculture development. The Governing Council meeting also welcomed the progress in the networks support to marine fish farming in Asia and recommended further expansion of the network with more regional resource centres around the Asian region. 4. SOPs for health certification and quarantine measures for the responsible movement of live food finfish within ASEAN – ASEAN Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) have been developed to reduce the risk of spread of transboundary diseases of aquatic animals by the movement of live food finfish (LFF). These SOPs are a set of documents for health certification and quarantine measures to be used by Competent Authority for the responsible movement of LFF by land, sea and air among ASEAN Member Countries. These SOPs have been developed under the AADCP:RPS Project 370-018, Operationalise Guidelines on Responsible Movement of Live Food Finfish. This project is coordinated by ASEC, NACA and AusVet for Cardno ACIL who manage the AADCP:RPS program for ASEC and AusAID. The document can be downloaded at http://www.enaca.org/modules/wfdownloads/singlefile.php?cid=5&lid=830. 5. Giant grouper facts – E. lanceolatus is the largest reef-dwelling fish in the world. The species can grow as large as 2.7 meters (9 ft) long, weighing up to 600 kg (1320 lb); there are unconfirmed reports of it growing much bigger. It is also the largest and most widely distributed among all groupers but is locally rare. It occurs throughout the Indo-Pacific region from the Red Sea to Algoa Bay (South Africa) and eastward to the Hawaiian and Pitcairn Islands throughout Micronesia. Being such a large predator, it is rare even in areas unexploited by fishing and it has been severely depleted in many locations. It is much sought after for the live reef fish trade with Hong Kong import statistics revealing import of around 2.4 tonnes of giant grouper in 2004. Although Taiwan has had some success in breeding, and sells giant grouper fingerlings in SE Asia, the amount of hatchery reared fish available is thought to be small, and proportion of traded individuals from wild versus hatchery production is unknown. Indonesia and Thailand are known to be conducting research on the breeding of this species. The species is now listed as “vulnerable” on the IUCN Red List. References:
6. Code of Practice on The Import and Sale of Live Marine Fish for Human Consumption – Ciguatera fish poisoning is reported in Hong Kong from time to time and it is mainly associated with the consumption of coral reef fish shipped live from the Pacific. Fish accumulate ciquatoxin in the body through eating small fish that consume toxic algae in coral reef areas. People that are affected by ciguatera may show symptoms of numbness of the mouth and the limbs vomiting, diarrhea and pain of the joints and muscles. If excessive toxin is consumed, the circulatory and nervous systems can be affected. The Food and Environmental Hygiene Department of Hong Kong SAR has devised a Code of Practice which lists the minimum requirements in importing and selling live fish for human consumption to ensure food safety, especially in terms of the prevention and control of ciguatera fish poisoning. The Code is applicable to all importers, wholesalers and retailers who import or sell live marine fish. For further details or a copy of the Code visit http://www.cfs.gov.hk/english/whatsnew/whatsnew_fsf/whatsnew_fsf_fish_cop.html. 7. Indonesian Aquaculture 2007 – Epinephelus lanceolatus abstracts – the conference was held in Bali from 30 July-2 August 2007. It was attended by some 600 participants, mostly Indonesian, from both government and private sectors. A summary report will be included in a future issue of this newsletter or APMFAN magazine. There are three interesting reports on giant grouper Epinephelus lanceolatus aquaculture that were presented at the conference. They are presented below:
Giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) is one of the grouper species which is has bright prospect in the market. Fast growth and high economic value are the advantages of this species compare with other grouper species. However, until now the main problem of the giant grouper culture is the lacking of natural seed stock as well as hatchery stock. Therefore in order to fulfill seed demand, The Main Center of Mariculture Development Lampung has been tried to develop culture technology of this species. Since the successful of spawning and egg fertilization, the next step that should be done is develop seed production technology. The aim of this study is to find out larva culture technology and produce seed. Egg incubation was took time around 15–17 hours before hatching. Following hatching, newly born larva were cultured in the cement tank with capacity 10 m3 which was filled by filtered sea water media previously. Initial stocking density is 10 larva/liter. During D1–D15 phytoplankton species of Nannochloropsis were given on the water media with density 1–5 x 105 cell/ml, after that at the D3-D20 rotifer species of Brachionus plicatilis were given as early life food with dose 5-7 individual/ml. The larva start to feed nauplii artemia at the D12, meanwhile introducing pellet powder to the larva was done firstly at the D14. Quality water media management was done by siphoning and replacing water partially. First siphoning was happening at the D15 and then every 3 days. During D8–D15 water replacement could be done with proportion around 5-10 % then followed by continuously running water slowly. Cannibalism was occurred when part of the larva metamorphosed become juvenile at the D26-D27. Harvesting time could be done at the D30–D33, and then followed by nursery culture in the fiber glass tank with capacity 2 m3. The result of this study are survival rate around 1.5 % and the harvested seed could be divided by 3 groups of size that’s are big size (2.8 cm) 5 %, medium size (2.4 cm) 17 % and small size (1.5 cm) 78 %. At the age of D40, three groups of size above become 3.9 cm, 2.8 cm and 1.8 cm respectively.
Epinephelus lanceolatus known as giant grouper because of its big size with body length until 300 cm. Biologically, big in body size has significant correlation with high growth performance. This commodity is more resistant to environmental change, more adaptable to wide salinity range (5-33‰), higher growth performance than another grouper and profitable. The objective of this research was to increase giant grouper mating rate through nutritional improvement, environmental manipulation and hormonal application. This study used several feed such as Sardinella sp, Auxis sp and Loligo sp. Two kind of vitamin was also used in this study namely vitamin C and vitamin E. Environmental manipulation was conducted with lowering the sea water level up to 40 cm above the broodstock tank bottom and periodically, the tank was cleaned. Hormonal application used in this study was HCG (human charionic gonadotropin) through injection administration. Tagging, weighing and canulation were done before hormone administration. The research showed egg production range from 500,000 to 1,500,000 eggs with fertilization rate averaged 25-60% and hatching rate averaged 15-35%.
Giant grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus is the one of newly high economically value mariculture species. Therefore in order to develop giant grouper culture technology, the seed production technology must be prepared. The succes of seed production activity depend on the gonadal maturity of broodstock, which is naturally depend on the age, size, feed, environment and season. This paper reported giant grouper gonad maturation and fertile eggs production by LHRHa hormone implantation. Female of 35-55 kg in body weight with male of 25-35 kg in body weight were reared in 250 m3 concrete tank at density of 5 individual each for female and male. Gonad maturation and fertile egg production were start on January 2007, fish were fed with fresh fish (kuniran), fresh squid, and fresh mussel meat once time for every two days at dose 2-3% of total biomass. All spawner were implanted with pellet hormone (10-20 μm LHRHa) per kg of fish. Natural spawning activities were found in fist week of May 2007. Total number of eggs 4.95 x 106, fertilization rate 60 - 90 % and hatching rate 80-90 %. The diameter of fertilized egg is 906 μm and the length of newly hatch larvae is 1.547 μm 8. Marine Fish Wholesales Prices in Hong Kong – August, 2007 Due to reformat of the Fish Marketing Organization web site, weekly marine finfish wholesales prices in Hong Kong an now be accessed directly. The web site provides daily Highest, Lowest and Average prices in Hong Kong Dollars for 15 marine finfish species that are sold live. It also provides weekly price charts for each species. For details visit http://www.fmo.org.hk/index/lang_en/page_price-sea/. 9. Upcoming Events in 2007 • Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2007, 5-8 August 2007, Hanoi,
Vietnam. For further information contact
worldaqua@aol.com or visit
www.was.org.
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