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Asia-Pacific Marine Finfish Aquaculture e-News No. 28 (23/09/2005)
Asia-Pacific Marine Finfish Aquaculture e-News No. 28 (23/09/2005) |
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To all members of the Asia-Pacific Marine Finfish Aquaculture
Network,
This e-News is designed to facilitate prompt information dissemination on marine fish aquaculture research and development, complementing the quarterly marine finfish eMagazine. As always, your contributions on research and development, news items, market developments, upcoming events and others are welcome - please send to Mr Koji Yamamoto; Dr Michael Phillips; and Dr Mike Rimmer ============================================== 1. Report of the Study Program on Marine Aquaculture and Seafood Markets in Southern China (Guangdong and Hong Kong) 2005 - The Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA), in cooperation with the Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Ocean and Fisheries, Guangdong Fishery Society, Guangdong Daya Bay Mariculture Research and Development Centre (Department of Marine & Aquatic Products, China), and the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD) – Hong Kong SAR organized the first Study Program on Marine Aquaculture and Seafood Markets in Southern China, covering Guangzhou, Dayawan, Shenzhen, Shanwei, Raoping and Hong Kong. This study program is one of the activities of the Asia-Pacific Marine Fish Aquaculture Network, coordinated by the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA). The report of the study program is available for download. If you have difficulty in downloading such a big file, a compressed version of about 0.7 MB is available on request, send your request to [email protected]. If you are interested in next years study program, please let us know by email at [email protected] 2. The Future of Mariculture: A regional approach for a responsible development of marine farming in the Asia-Pacific Region - The Network of Aquaculture Centers in Asia-Pacific (NACA) have just agreed formally with Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to arrange a regional mariculture development workshop. The tentative title of the workshop is “The Future of mariculture: A regional approach for a responsible development of marine farming in the Asia-Pacific Region” planned to be held in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China from March 6-10, 2006. The mariculture workshop will bring together expertise from major
producing countries in the region to identify common issues in
mariculture development, and establish a collaborative research and
development program to support responsible mariculture, and social and
economic development, among coastal communities in the region. For more information, please contact Koji Yamamoto – [email protected] 3. Borneo Aqua Harvest Bhd (BAHB) plans to construct new hatchery – BAHB, the first integrated marine aquaculture company listed on the Mesdaq Market, plans to construct another new indoor hatchery (Capacity of 2 million fish fry / month) at Pulau Palak in Sabah. The company increased their revenue by 266% last financial year, partly due to the successful breeding of Malabar red Snapper, marble grouper and coral trout grouper. The company’s expansion plan includes introduction of the giant grouper and barred-cheek coral trout. For full articles (1):The Edge Daily Sep 2, http://www.theedgedaily.com/cms/content.jsp?id=com.tms.cms.article.Article_16958aee-cb73c03a-c5577c00-b5f8498e, (2) Bernama.com, Sep 5, http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v3/news_business.php?id=153780 4. Malachite green found in 15 samples of farmed grouper in Taiwan -The case came to the surface when a Hong Kong government laboratory detected malachite green in a green grouper collected from a supermarket at North Point of Hong Kong. According to the supplier the green grouper was from Taiwan. HK government immediately advised the fish trader to stop selling the remaining stocks and urged further investigations. As a follow up of the case, Taiwan’s Council of Agriculture (COA) conducted tests and announced that they had found traces of malachite green in 15 samples of groupers raised in local fish farms at Tainan and Pingdong. It was reported that Taiwan government had told producers to stop using malachite green because of negative impacts associated with the use, and farming technique has been improved in order to produce quality groupers without using it. Taiwan government is taking finding seriously and planning to
conduct more checks to ensure the food’s safety.
5. Weekly Marine Fish Wholesales in China – September, 2005
The following web link provides marine fish wholesale prices in Southern China and Hong Kong. For details of average prices visit http://www.enaca.org/modules/news/index.php?storytopic=14&storynum=10 6. Upcoming Events in 2005/2006
7. Recent Publications i). Aquaculture, Volume 248, Issue 1- 4, Page 1-340 (July 29, 2005) - In this issue several articles which may be of interest and abstracts are provided:
The effects of defatted soybean meal protein levels in Asian seabass diets on growth, feed utilization, protein digestibility and nitrogen and phosphorus excretion were investigated. Six isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain defatted soybean meal to replace fish meal at 0, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of fish meal protein, respectively. Trash fish was also used in the experiment. The fish were cultured in aerated flow-through 81 l aquaria filled with 54 l of seawater. Each diet was fed twice daily to satiation to three replicate groups of juvenile seabass with an average initial weight of 0.95 ± 0.04–0.99 ± 0.02 g/fish for 12 weeks. The results of the present study indicated that soybean meal can replace fish meal at the level of 10% of fish meal protein in diets for Asian seabass with good growth and feed utilization. In addition, replacing fish meal with soybean meal at the stated levels resulted in a reduction of nitrogenous waste in comparison with trash fish.
A growth trial was conducted to investigate the vitamin E (dl-α-tocopheryl acetate) requirements of juvenile grouper at two dietary lipid levels, and their effects on immune responses. Semi-purified diets containing seven levels of dl-α-tocopheryl acetate (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg diet) at either 4% or 9% lipid were each fed to triplicate groups of grouper (mean weight: 7.80 ± 0.13 g) for 8 weeks. In the 4% lipid group, fish fed diets with ≥ 100 mg E/kg had significantly (P < 0.05) highest weight gain, followed by fish fed diets with 25 mg E/kg, and lowest in fish fed the vitamin E-free control diet; in the 9% lipid group, fish fed diets with ≥ 100 mg E/kg had significantly highest weight gain, followed by fish fed diets with 25 and 50 mg E/kg, and lowest in fish fed the control diet. Hepatic and muscle α-tocopherol concentrations were increased as the dietary vitamin E supplementation level increased regardless of the dietary lipid level. In both 4% and 9% lipid groups, fish fed diets supplemented with vitamin E generally had lower hepatic and muscle thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) values and higher white blood cell count, leukocyte respiratory burst activity, plasma lysozyme and alternative complement activity than in fish fed the unsupplemented control diet. Weight gain and hepatic TBARS values analyzed by broken-line regression indicated that the optimum dietary vitamin E requirements of juvenile grouper were 61–68 and 104–115 mg/kg diet in 4% and 9% lipid diets, respectively.
A novel experimental microdiet for larval fish was prepared using a modification of the internal gelation microencapsulation procedure. In these microspheres, a complete formulated diet is entrapped in a matrix of Ca-alginate. When compared with our previous methodology of polymerisation of dietary protein, this procedure has the advantage of using more environmentally friendly reagents at a lower cost: vegetable oil and acetic acid vs. cyclohexane and trimesic acid. In addition, it allows a more balanced formulation because no high proportion of pure protein is required. These features represent an advantage for a potential upscaling of this microdiet to pilot and industrial level. The present study describes the preparation procedure and the basic characteristics of these food particles. In addition, the microdiet was tested with fish larvae. Growth and developmental performance of Sparus aurata larvae obtained at 15 days post hatching (dph) fed this microdiet were similar to those previously obtained with microcapsules prepared by crosslinking of dietary protein. Solea senegalensis larvae were able to reach 400 μg dry weight when fed exclusively on alginate microdiet from 7 dph up to 30 dph. To access to other abstracts visit the website: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00448486 ii). Abstracts on Finfish Hatchery and Nursery Management from WAS Bali: A selection of abstracts related to marine finfish aquaculture from World Aquaculture 2005, Bali, Indonesia, will be included in upcoming issues of the eNews. These abstracts are from the World Aquaculture Society website www.was.org. This issue will include all the abstracts presented on General cage culture Session. To access the full list of abstracts for this session visit http://www.was.org/Meetings/SessionAbstracts.asp?MeetingCode=WA2005&Session=46
Research on the development of hatchery techniques for the high-valued marine species such as grouper, is increasing worldwide toward establishing commercial hatcheries. Some countries such as Taiwan and Indonesia have already achieved commercialization of mass fry production of different species of groupers. The Aquaculture, Fisheries and Marine Environment Department (AFMED), Kuwait Institute for ScientiResearch (KISR), initiated research on the breeding and mass fry production techniques for the orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides since the early 1970's. The present study highlights and describes the recent progress achieved in four areas of hatchery techniques of the grouper E. coioides in Kuwait. Firstly, broodstock and spawning, which included: comparison of the quality of different egg batches from wild and cultured broodstocks, manipulation of water temperature during winter months, determination of the best sex ratio of breeders for optimum egg production, extending the spawning season, early spawning age of breeders, and effect of early selection on natural sex reversal. Secondly, hatching techniques, this included: egg stocking density, effect of aeration levels and the design of hatching trough on the hatching rates. Thirdly, larviculture which covered: larval stocking density, aeration, water exchange regime, light intensity and photoperiod, feeding schedules, rotifer enrichment, wearing, feeding stations and behavior, trends in mean larval survival, larval growth, fry deformity and fry production/m3. Fourthly, future research that could enhance the hatchery fry production such as: the use of recirculating system for larviculture, use of ozone for disinfection, direct stocking of fertilized eggs, testing different diffused natural light intensities and the use of probiotics in live food and larviculture.
Interest in culturing the various species of Groupers has always been around, fuelled by high on-farm price. In Indonesia current ex-farm price ranged from US$ 9-12 for the tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) whereas prices for Barramundi cod (Cromileptes altivelis) reach US$ 30-38. The recent upward trend in production is attributed to advancement in hatchery seed production and improvements in nursery techniques. The interest in grouper farming has not only provided jobs for many coastal communities, but also established secondary servicing industries such as hatchery technology, feed manufacturing, product processing, transportation and marketing. This paper describes the present status of hatchery technology for the breeding and fry production of groupers in Indonesia, such as Tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus), Estuarine grouper (Epinephelus coioides) and Barramundi cod (Cromileptes altivelis), based primarily on the work have been carried out in Gondol Research Institute for Mariculture and Private Hatchery in Lampung. Broodstock are maintained in tanks (60-150 MT capacity) on land and fertilized eggs are obtained by natural spawning. Broodstock are fed by mixed fresh squid and trash (mainly Sardinella sp.). For larval rearing, eggs instead of hatched larvae, are mainly stocked in the rearing tank. Feeding of super small (SS-type) rotifers for very early larvae and feeding of artidiets for late larvae and juveniles improved larval survival. The recent advances are in the seed production of the Tiger grouper, estuarine grouper and Barramundi cod, hatchery breed grouper fry are well accepted by farmers. There are now 75 groupers hatcheries (55 small/backyard hatcheries, ten medium, nine large/complete and one intensive hatchery which hold broodstock. The total production of grouper fry in 2003 was 4.20 million juvenile for tiger grouper, 1.13 million for Barramundi cod and 350 thousands juveniles for others groupers. In addition to the groupers mentioned above, corral trout and napoleon wrasse being targeted for development.
The study was conducted to know the effect of the light intensity on relative growth in length and survival rates of humpback grouper larva (Cromileptes altivelis). The study was to indicate the optimum light intensity that could maximize relative growth in length and survival rate of the grouper larva. The study used completely randomized design of four treatments with three replicates, as follows: light intensity 0 lux; 300 lux; 600 lux and 1200 lux. The illumination was given at the late afternoon of second day. The experiment used 40 l capacity tank and stocked with eggs at density of 30 pcs/l. The total length, survival rate, behavior, water quality and development of larvae were examined. The result showed that the highest relative growth in length at the day -15 (87.54%) was observed in light intensity 600 lux, followed by 1200 lux (76.10%), 300 lux (64.89%) and 0 lux (48.86%). The survival rate of light intensity 600 lux at the day -15 (8.46%) was the highest, followed by 300 lux (6.22%), 1200 lux (4.57%) and 0 lux (3.74%). The study also pointed out that different of light intensity showed signidifferent effects (P<0.01) on the relative growth in length and survival rate of grouper larvae. The maximum relative growth in length of the humpback grouper till day-15 was at light intensity 815 lux and maximum survival rate was at light intensity 701 lux.
Silver Pompano (Trachinotus blochii, Lacepede) is a one of high price especially in Hongkong, Singapore, China and Taiwan. The production of Silver Pompano still depends on the wild. However, its necessary to produce seed from hatchery because, this have a rapid growth and high value, so it has a good prospect in marine culture. Broodstock acquired by means of introduction from Taiwan. Domestication and development of broodstock in a net cage. Food for broodstock is trash cutleand it should be good quality and enriched with a commercial food supplement thats containing essential vitamin (E & C) and fatty acids. Broodstock are ready to spawning, when the minimum body weight for male is 2.5 kg and female 1.5 kg. The larvae rearing tanks size are 12 m3. The stocking density of eggs is about 10 20 eggs/liter. Three kinds of feed items which used for larvae rearing are rotifers (Brachionus sp), artemia (Artemia salina) and artidiets. Density of rotifers is 10 ind/ml and it must be existed in larval rearing tank until day of 30. Artemia supplied in day 15. Feeding of artidiets must be start as soon as possible (feeding in day 20). The water exchange is about 10-30% of tanks after day 12 until day 30. After day 30 water exchange must up to 100%. The juveniles harvested after day 30 and should be graded into same size groups to optimize grow. Nursery tank sizes are 3 m3 and equipped with aeration system and water supply for at hours. Juveniles produced must be well accustomed to feed on artidiets. The feeding period is three times a day. There are in the morning, day light and afternoon. A dose for feed is adlibitum. The spawning starts one week after old moon. The fecundities of one broadstock around 500.000-700.000 eggs. After two months of culture the survival rate is 10 %. Growth of seed is 0.125 cm/day. Harvest can be done after size of seed is 7-8 cm or after 60 day cultured. For marine this growth is very rapid when compared with Sea Bass or Grouper. To reach size 7-8 cm, Sea Bass and Grouper need three months cultured. 8. 2nd International Sustainable Marine Fish Culture Conference -Fish farmers and scientists meet to push marine fish aquaculture industry forwards- The 2nd International Sustainable Marine Fish Culture conference is going to be held on October 19 - 21, at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution in Fort Pierce, Florida. The leading researchers will meet to discuss new research and work to overcome regulatory problems as well as technological barriers that are slowing the progress of the industry. The goal for this conference is to bring together researchers and industry from different regions and with different specialties to share the knowledge that has been generated and push the industry forward. Mr. K.M. Johnson, the author of the Annual Report on the United States Seafood Industry, will feature a keynote presentation addressing new marketing opportunities for sustainably produced and certified aquaculture products. Additionally, thirty scientists and industry experts will present their latest research on new production technologies for land-based recirculating tank systems, ponds, inshore net cages and offshore netpens. Presentations will address biology, engineering, integrated health management, and nutrition and feeding practices. Over 250 people are expected to attend the conference over two days, including the diverse audience of students, entrepreneurs, biologists, fish producers, farmers, engineers, environmentalists, natural resource agency personnel, city/county planners, state and federal regulatory personnel, educators and others involved or interested in marine fish culture For more information on the 2nd International Sustainable Marine Fish Conference and Workshop and to request your free conference information package, please check out the conference website at www.sustainableaquaculture.org or email [email protected]. 9. Program coordinator Sih–Yang Sim on leave The coordinator of the Asia-Pacific Marine Finfish Aquaculture Network (APMFAN), Mr Sih-Yang Sim is leaving us for one year to take up a position with the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in the Australian Federal Government, where he will work on aquaculture and seafood trade policy. New NACA staff Koji Yamamoto will coordinate the MFAN program while Yang is on leave. On behalf of all the APMFAN participants, we thank Yang for the tremendous effort that he has put into developing the network over the last 6 years, and wish him all the best during his stay ‘down under’. We look forward to your continued support of the network and its activities. Any news you want to share on this eNews letter, please forward to [email protected] or [email protected]. ===================== End ==================== |